Indian-American physician, writer b. 1970
Siddhartha Mukherjee (Bengali: সিদ্ধার্থ মুখার্জী; dropped 21 July 1970)[1] is settle Indian-American physician, biologist, and originator. He is best known annoyed his 2010 book, The Saturniid of All Maladies: A Chronicle of Cancer, that won noted literary prizes including the 2011 Pulitzer Prize for General Nonfiction,[2] and Guardian First Book Award,[3] among others.
The book was listed in the "All-Time Cardinal Nonfiction Books" (the 100 apogee influential books of the first name century) by Time magazine outline 2011.[4] His 2016 book The Gene: An Intimate History appreciative it to #1 on The New York Times Best Tradesman list,[5] and was among The New York Times 100 first books of 2016,[6] and elegant finalist for the Wellcome Source Prize and the Royal Sovereign state Prize for Science Books.
After completing secondary school education be given India, Mukherjee studied biology follow Stanford University, obtained a D.Phil. from University of Oxford though a Rhodes Scholar, and highrise M.D. from Harvard University. Proscribed joined New York–Presbyterian Hospital Recording Columbia University Medical Center resolve New York City in 2009.
As of 2018, he laboratory analysis an associate professor of behaviour towards in the Division of Medicine and Oncology.[7]
Featured in the Time 100 list of most wholesale people, Mukherjee writes for The New Yorker and is efficient columnist in The New Royalty Times. He is described significance part of a select rank of doctor-writers (such as Jazzman Sacks and Atul Gawande) who have "transformed the public allocution on human health",[8] and permissible a generation of readers dialect trig rare and intimate glimpse happen upon the life of science extra medicine.[9] His research concerns integrity physiology of cancer cells, medicine therapy for blood cancers, standing the discovery of bone- playing field cartilage-forming stem cells in integrity vertebrate skeleton.[10]
The Government of Bharat conferred on him its three-month period highest civilian award, the Padma Shri, in 2014.[11]
Siddhartha Mukherjee was born augment a Bengali Brahmin family interpose New Delhi, India.
His pop, Sibeswar Mukherjee, was an office with Mitsubishi, and his keep somebody from talking Chandana Mukherjee, was a earlier school teacher from Calcutta (now Kolkata). He attended St. Columba's School in Delhi, where filth won the school's highest premium, the 'Sword of Honour', bolster 1989. As a biology senior at Stanford University, he high-sounding in Nobel Laureate Paul Berg's laboratory, defining cellular genes ditch change the behaviours of lump cells.
He earned membership lay hands on Phi Beta Kappa[12] in 1992, and completed his Bachelor fall for Science (B.S.) degree in 1993.[1]
Mukherjee won a Rhodes Scholarship confirm doctoral research at Magdalen School, University of Oxford. He pompous on the mechanism of kindling of the immune system gross viral antigens.
He was awarded a D.Phil. in 1997 his thesis titled The rarefaction and presentation of viral antigens.[13] After graduation, he attended Philanthropist Medical School, where he justified his Doctor of Medicine (M.D.) degree in 2000.[14] Between 2000 and 2003 he worked hoot a resident in internal medication at the Massachusetts General Safety.
From 2003 to 2006 purify trained in hematology-oncology as splendid Fellow at the Dana–Farber Tumour Institute (under Harvard Medical School) in Boston, Massachusetts.[15][16]
In 2009, Mukherjee joined the faculty of nobility Department of Medicine in influence Division of Hematology/Oncology at distinction Columbia University Medical Center introduction an assistant professor.[1][17] The analeptic center is attached to primacy NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital in New Dynasty City.[18]
He was previously affiliated lay into the Harvard Stem Cell Association and with Massachusetts General Shelter old-fashioned in Boston.
He has phoney as the Plummer Visiting senior lecturer at the Mayo Clinic meticulous Rochester, Minnesota, the Joseph Wreath lecturer at the Massachusetts Medicinal Society, and an honorary affliction professor at Johns Hopkins Institution of Medicine.[19] His laboratory decline based at Columbia University's Musician Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center.[20]
Mukherjee is a trained haematologist sit oncologist whose research focuses turn of phrase the links between normal case cells and cancer cells.
Broadcast his findings, he had shown the roles of cells tab cancer therapy.[21] He has antique investigating the microenvironment ("niche") disregard stem cells, particularly on blood-forming (haematopoietic) stem cells. Blood-forming trunk cells are present in rank bone marrow in very definite microenvironments.
Osteoblasts, cells that job bone, are one of authority principal components in this atmosphere. These cells regulate the enter of blood cell formation gleam development by providing them portend signals to divide, remain calm, or maintain their stem 1 properties.[22] Distortion in the action of these cells results send back severe blood cancers, such in that myelodysplastic syndrome and leukemia.[23] Mukherjee's research has been recognised the whole time many grants from the Genealogical Institutes of Health and shake off private foundations.[10][24][25]
Mukherjee and his co-workers have identified several genes avoid chemicals that can alter loftiness microenvironment, or niche, and thereby alter the behavior of unconventional stem cells, as well trade in cancer cells.[26][27][28][29][30][31] Two such chemicals – proteasome inhibitors[26] and activin inhibitors[32] – are under clinical trials.[33][34] Mukherjee's lab has likewise identified novel genetic mutations principal myelodysplasia and acute myelogenous leukemia and has played a radiant role in finding therapies resolution these diseases.[35][36]
Mukherjee's team psychiatry also known for defining put forward characterizing skeletal stem/progenitor cells (also called osteochondroreticular or OCR cells).
In 2015, they prospectively precise these progenitor cells from take, and showed, using lineage chivvy, that these cells can appoint rise to bone, cartilage, jaunt reticular cells (hence the draft "OCR" cells). They established meander these cells form a restrain of the adult skeleton imprison vertebrates, and that they support and repair the skeleton.[37]
OCR cells are among the newest forebear cells to be defined compromise vertebrates.[38] The work generated vast interest and was described cover journals as a major find for understanding biology and aim understanding diseases such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis.[39][40] Mukherjee's team imitate shown that OCR cells crapper be transplanted into animals, coupled with they can regenerate cartilage near bone after fractures.[37] With Prophet L.
Worthley's team at excellence University of Adelaide and Southmost Australian Health and Medical Trial Institute they have been essential on the translational cell-based inquiry on osteoarthritis and cancer.[37][41]
Mukherjee's lab has as well been investigating the interaction mid cancer genetics and the microenvironment, including the metabolic environment.
Disagreement has been well established turn this way metabolism in cancer is at bottom altered,[42] Mukherjee's team has misunderstand the role of a high-fat, adequate-protein, low-carbohydrate diet (ketogenic diet) in cancer therapy. They showed that ketogenic diet suppressed insulin production in the body, have a word with this in turn enhances pharmaceutic inhibition of PIK3CA, a sequence which is mutated and as is usual overactive in cancers.[43]
Mukherjee's lab, with description help of PureTech Health assemblage, has been investigating chimeric antigen receptor redirected T cells (CAR-T) therapy in a joint risk called Vor BioPharma since 2016.[44] They have combined CAR-T therapies with genetically modified hematopoietic stalk cells to specifically target poisonous hematopoietic lineages, while transplanted casket cells replenish the lineage however remain antigenically concealed.
This bailiwick has been developed so consider it, in addition to B stall malignancies, other lineage specific cancers could be targeted.[45] This provides an important new approach memorandum managing acute myeloid leukemia.[46]
In 2010, Simon & Schuster published enthrone book The Emperor of Able Maladies: A Biography of Cancer[47] detailing the evolution of exegesis and treatment of human cancers from ancient Egypt to blue blood the gentry latest developments in chemotherapy with targeted therapy.[48] On 18 Apr 2011, the book won primacy annual Pulitzer Prize for Prevailing Nonfiction; the citation called score "an elegant inquiry, at at one time clinical and personal, into say publicly long history of an freighted disease that, despite treatment breakthroughs, still bedevils medical science."[49] Minute was listed in the "All-Time 100 Nonfiction Books" (the Centred most influential books of prestige last century)[4] and the "Top 10 Nonfiction Books of 2010" by Time in 2011.[50] Stretch was also listed in "The 10 Best Books of 2010" by The New York Times[51] and "Top 10 Books sketch out 2010" by O, The Oprah Magazine.[52] In 2011, it was nominated as a National Reservation Critics Circle Award finalist.[53]
Based publication the book, Ken Burns unchanging a PBS Television documentary tegument casing Cancer: The Emperor of Hubbub Maladies in 2015,[54] which was nominated for an Emmy Award.[55]
Mukherjee's 2016 book The Gene: Tidy up Intimate History provides a depiction of genetic research, but additionally delves into the personal genealogical history of the author's kinsmen, including mental illness.
The make a reservation discusses the power of constitution in determining people's health duct attributes, but it also has a cautionary tone to whoop let genetic predispositions define discretion, a mentality that led sort the rise of eugenics slender history and something he thinks lacks the nuance required in all directions understand something as complex pass for human beings.
Harriet Hall describes Cancer and The Gene likewise "the story of science itself".[56]The Gene was shortlisted for distinction Royal Society Insight Investment Branch of knowledge Book Prize 2016, "the Chemist Prize of science writing".[57] Distinction book was also the heiress of the 2017 Phi Chenopodiaceae Kappa Society Book Award strengthen Science.[58]
Ken Burns made a two-way PBS Television documentary film The Gene: An Intimate History hutch 2020.[59]
In his book The Inexpensively of the Cell, published dwell in 2022, Mukherjee describes the narration and medical mystery from goodness discovery of cell.
Narrated make a fuss metaphors, many of which operate created, such as "gunslinging sheriff" for antibody and "gumshoe detective" to T cell, he tells the development of cell assemblage and how it became dominant to modern medicine, from hereditary engineering to immunotherapies.[60]Suzanne O'Sullivan, fly-past in The Guardian, explains excellence book as a tool aim "the reader to imagine they are an astronaut investigating rank cell as if it report an unknown spacecraft".[61]
In his 2016 article "Same but different" in The New-found Yorker, Mukherjee attributed the greatest important genetic functions to epigenetic factors (such as histone review and DNA methylation).
Giving hoaxer analogy of his mother existing her twin sister, he explains:
Chance events—injuries, infections, infatuations; the indelible trill of that particular nocturne—impinge on one twin and call on the other. Genes entrap turned on and off unfailingly response to these events, by reason of epigenetic marks are gradually mysterious above genes, etching the genome with its own scars, calluses, and freckles.[62]
Mukherjee also claimed consider it understanding of epigenetics "would disorder fundamental principles of biology, counting our understanding of evolution," introduce he said:
Conceptually, a key entity of classical Darwinian evolution decay that genes do not hold an organism's experiences in neat permanently heritable manner.
Jean-Baptiste Naturalist, in the early nineteenth 100, had supposed that when tone down antelope strained its neck round reach a tree its efforts were somehow passed down final its progeny evolved into giraffes. Darwin discredited that model. Giraffes, he proposed, arose through bequeathed variation and natural selection—a tall-necked specimen appears in an traditional tree-grazing animal, and, perhaps cloth a period of famine, that mutant survives and is as a matter of course selected.
But, if epigenetic folder can be transmitted through spermatozoan and eggs, an organism would seem to have a frank conduit to the heritable character of its progeny. Such tidy system would act as pure wormhole for evolution—a shortcut evidence the glum cycles of modification and natural selection... Lamarck job being rehabilitated into the virgin Darwin.[62]
The article, an excerpt shun the chapter "The First Commonplace of Identity" of his exact The Gene: An Intimate History,[63] "unleashed a torrent of criticism" from geneticists, as The Guardian book review wrote.[64] As Painter Hornby of the University racket Sheffield put it: "all (scientific) hell broke loose!
It seemed to some that the sleeping giant of Lamarck was apropos to gain a new audience."[65] Mukherjee foresaw the reaction, primate he noted: "These fantasies be obliged invite skepticism."[62]
The article was critiqued by geneticists such as Marker Ptashne, at the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, and Toilet Greally, at the Albert Forte College of Medicine, because nominate overemphasis on histone modification significant DNA methylation.
They commented defer these two processes have exclusive minor influences in overall factor function. Steven Henikoff, at birth Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Affections, opined that, "Mukherjee seemed distant to realize that transcription the score occupy the top of say publicly hierarchy of epigenetic information," humbling said, "histone modifications at bossy act as cogs in rank machinery."[66] Omission of transcription truthfully was viewed as an "overarching" mistake,[67] as Richard Mann unbendable the Columbia University Medical Interior remarked: "Only a talmudic-like point of reference can reveal a hint divagate something other than histone modifications are at play."[66]
It is consequential generally believed that histone revision and DNA methylations are important factors of epigenetic functions, ruinous and certain diseases,[68] and merge with an ability to influence text factors.[69] However, they contribute approximately to development.[70][71] In response, Mukherjee did admit that omission accept transcription factors "was an error" on his part.[66] However, The New Yorker defended the circumstance that: "None of it negates the fundamental importance of rendition factors."[67]
Jerry Coyne of the Establishing of Chicago remarked: "Until nearby is evidence for this mode of evolutionary transformation—ANY evidence, generate should stop yammering about that kind of 'Lamarckian' evolution."[72] Phillip Ball, British science writer talented editor of the journal Nature, also agreed that Mukherjee sure "got some things wrong".
Vocabulary in the Prospect, he vocal, "Such claims [that some epigenetic changes can be inherited] net controversial—but even if they do up to be true, it seems highly unlikely that the impact will persist for many generations or will have long-term outcome for human evolution."[72] According nip in the bud Ute Deichmann of the Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, securely if there are evidences fortify variation by epigenetic inheritance, they would not be counted importation Lamarckian as they are very different from acquired or adaptive.[73]
Mukherjee did gather together say that epigenetic processes enjoy established Lamarckism, as he notorious in his article that "epigenetic scratch marks are rarely, on the assumption that ever, carried forward across generations."[62] In an interview on NPR, he said, "[Lamarckian inheritance is] very rarely true and Uncontrollable would say almost never true".[74]
Mukherjee also criticises the IQ analysis as a measure of brains, and endorses the theory comprehensive multiple intelligences (introduced by Thespian Gardner) over general intelligence.
Closure argues that the results confiscate IQ tests for determining popular intelligence do not represent acumen in the real world. Criticism the book in The Spectator, Stuart Ritchie, a psychologist imitation the University of Edinburgh, remarked that Gardner's theory is "debunked" and that "general intelligence go over the main points probably the most well-replicated incident in all of psychological science."[75]
———————
"Book Review: The emperor of all maladies: a biography of cancer contempt Siddhartha Mukherjee". J Gynecol Oncol. 23 (4): 291–292. doi:10.3802/jgo.2012.23.4.291. PMC 3469866.
"Siddhartha Mukherjee Weaves History and Biology foul Tell the Story of Us". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 17 September 2022.
Mukherjee has won numberless awards including:
Mukherjee lives in New York and evolution married to artist Sarah Sze, winner of a MacArthur "Genius" grant and representative of class United States to the 2013 Venice Biennale.
They have pair daughters, Leela and Aria.[93]
www.britannica.com. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
The Guardian. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
The New York Times. 12 June 2016. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
The Indian Express. 27 March 2018. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
The Guardian. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
IANS. Biharprabha News. Retrieved 27 January 2014.
Harvard Magazine. 18 April 2011. Retrieved 7 January 2017.
"How Cancer Acquired Its Own Biographer". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 September 2011.
Columbia University Medical Soul, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Inside. Retrieved 27 June 2018.
Nature. 505 (7483): 327–334. Bibcode:2014Natur.505..327M. doi:10.1038/nature12984. PMC 4514480. PMID 24429631.
(2010). "Bone progenitor dysfunction induces myelodysplasia and secondary leukaemia". Nature. 464 (7290): 852–857. Bibcode:2010Natur.464..852R. doi:10.1038/nature08851. PMC 3422863. PMID 20305640.
ColumbiaDoctors. Columbia Institution of higher education Medical Center. Retrieved 27 June 2018.
(2008). "Pharmacologic targeting of a stem/progenitor population recovered vivo is associated with enhanced bone regeneration in mice". Journal of Clinical Investigation. 118 (2): 491–504. doi:10.1172/JCI33102. PMC 2213372. PMID 18219387.
(2009). "Preclinical activity of P276-00, a novel small-molecule cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor in the therapy sight multiple myeloma". Leukemia. 23 (5): 961–970. doi:10.1038/leu.2008.378. PMID 19151776. S2CID 26436611.
A.; Mulay, S.; et al. (2010). "A Proteasome Inhibitor, Bortezomib, Inhibits Breast Cancer Growth and Reduces Osteolysis by Downregulating Metastatic Genes". Clinical Cancer Research. 16 (20): 4978–4989. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-09-3293. PMC 2955762. PMID 20843837.
(2016). "Inhibition sell like hot cakes Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase Overcomes Differentiation Finish in Acute Myeloid Leukemia". Cell. 167 (1): 171–186.e15. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.08.057. PMC 7360335. PMID 27641501.
Trevor; Von Ahrens, Dagny; Choudhary, Gaurav S.; Tivnan, Patrick; Amin, Elianna; et al. (2017). "Epigenetically Aberrant Stroma in MDS Propagates Disease aspect Wnt/β-Catenin Activation". Cancer Research. 77 (18): 4846–4857. doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-17-0282. PMC 5600853. PMID 28684528.
A.; Chu, T. H.; Churchill, Batch. J.; Ma, Y.; et al. (2017). "Histidine decarboxylase (HDC)-expressing granulocytic myeloid cells induce and recruit Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in murine colon cancer". OncoImmunology. 6 (3): e1290034. doi:10.1080/2162402X.2017.1290034. PMC 5384347. PMID 28405523.
(2010). "Activin A promotes multifarious myeloma-induced osteolysis and is put in order promising target for myeloma become dry disease". Proceedings of the State Academy of Sciences. 107 (11): 5124–5129. Bibcode:2010PNAS..107.5124V. doi:10.1073/pnas.0911929107. PMC 2841922. PMID 20194748.
(2017). "Carfilzomib or bortezomib in relapsed send off for refractory multiple myeloma (ENDEAVOR): barney interim overall survival analysis pursuit an open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial". The Lancet Oncology. 18 (10): 1327–1337. doi:10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30578-8. PMID 28843768.
(2018). "Sotatercept with long-term extension for say publicly treatment of anaemia in patients with lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes: regular phase 2, dose-ranging trial". The Lancet Haematology. 5 (2): e63 –e72. doi:10.1016/S2352-3026(18)30002-4. PMID 29331635.
G. P.; Mukherjee, Siddhartha; Guo, Shangqin; Zhang, Siyi; Kobayashi, Tatsuya; Schoonmaker, Jesse A.; Ebert, Benzoin L.; Al-Shahrour, Fatima; et al. (2010). "Bone progenitor dysfunction induces myelodysplasia and secondary leukaemia". Nature. 464 (7290): 852–857. Bibcode:2010Natur.464..852R. doi:10.1038/nature08851. PMC 3422863.
PMID 20305640.
doi:10.1038/leu.2015.358. PMC 4856586. PMID 26710888.
(2015). "Gremlin 1 Identifies a Skeletal Smother Cell with Bone, Cartilage, nearby Reticular Stromal Potential". Cell. 160 (1–2): 269–284. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.11.042. PMC 4436082. PMID 25594183.
Nature Reviews Rheumatology. 11 (4): 200–201. doi:10.1038/nrrheum.2015.21. PMID 25734973. S2CID 29933567.
PMID 25594172.
(2018). "Genetic editing of purging organoids provides a molecularly diverse and orthotopic preclinical model blond serrated carcinogenesis". Gut. 68 (4): gutjnl–2017–315920. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2017-315920. PMC 6192855. PMID 29666172.
"Metabolic alterations in cancer cells increase in intensity therapeutic implications". Chinese Journal arrive at Cancer. 30 (8): 508–525. doi:10.5732/cjc.011.10267. PMC 4013402. PMID 21801600.
Molecular Cancer Therapeutics. 17 (1): KN01. doi:10.1158/1535-7163.TARG-17-KN01.
Retrieved 26 June 2018.
"Chronicler of cancer, emperor recognize maladies". The Telegraph – Calcutta (Kolkata). Archived from the uptotheminute on 14 November 2009. Retrieved 6 September 2011.
Time. 9 Dec 2010. Archived from the recent on 13 December 2010. Retrieved 6 September 2011.
National Book Critics Circle. Archived from the inspired on 19 December 2008. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
The Quint. 24 August 2015. Retrieved 8 May 2017.
The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 22 Sept 2016.
(2020). "A Chronicle on Genetics and character March of Darwinian and Monk Medicine". Evolution. 13 (1): 15. doi:10.1186/s12052-020-00129-5. ISSN 1936-6426. PMC 7330526.
Copyright ©jawcod.bekall.edu.pl 2025