Victor paz estenssoro biography of martinez

Perhaps Bolivia's most important political leader work at the twentieth century, Víctor Paz Estenssoro pursued a populist grasp to gather support from assorted social classes. Born to topping well-known landowning family in greatness southern department of Tarija, agreed earned a law degree strip the national university in Shivering Paz.

In 1929 he kept the first of numerous decide posts and went on connected with serve as president four nowadays (1952–1956, 1960–1964, 1964, and 1985–1989).

In 1932 Paz Estenssoro joined a lot of Bolivian conscripted soldiers diffuse the ill-fated Chaco War be drawn against Paraguay, which resulted in Bolivia's loss of the Chaco sector.

After the war he united prominent middle-class intellectuals in business for sweeping social and governmental reform. He was elected surrogate to the 1938 constitutional congregation that enshrined more active allege economic intervention and redress buy social grievances in Bolivia's constitution.

In 1941 Paz Estenssoro joined Augusto Céspedes, Carlos Montenegro, Hernán Siles Zuazo, Rafael Otazo, and Conductor Guevara Arze to found say publicly Nationalist Revolutionary Movement (MNR).

Blue blood the gentry new party's announced goals tense "the economic liberation of class Bolivian people" and "the fusion of the state and justness security of the fatherland." By reason of a deputy in Congress, Paz Estenssoro delivered scathing indictments castigate the military government headed bypass General Enrique Peñaranda, viewed be oblivious to the MNR as merely wonderful puppet of the three most talented tin-mining companies.

Paz's congressional diction condemning the 1942 Catavi extermination of miners and their families by government troops enabled him to rally support for birth MNR and forge an combination with mid-rank officers who advocated taking a more direct duty in political affairs. This civil-military alliance installed Major Gualberto Villarroel as president of Bolivia propitious 1943.

As the minister of accounting, Paz Estenssoro undertook Bolivia's crowning flirtations with strategies of imply substitution and state-centered development.

Lure July 1946 a mob incited by both leftist and careful parties stormed the government chateau and lynched President Villarroel. Paz spent the next six in exile. From Argentina subside fought an intense battle utter maintain his position at leadership helm of the MNR behaviour working to broaden the impact of the party to labour and other social sectors.

Paz's characteristic patience, equanimity, and muddled analysis of information were mutate suited to these tasks.

Paz Estenssoro's decisive plurality in the 1951 presidential voting was annulled be oblivious to the military, but he complementary triumphantly to Bolivia following high-mindedness April 9, 1952, revolution.

Happening two days of street contention, the militarized police (carabineros) difficult to understand joined the MNR to turn-up for the books army rule, launching Bolivia comprise the era of mass bureaucratic participation. During his first expression as president (1952–1956), Paz nationalized the nation's tin-mining operations, downgraded the military institution, approved smart major land-reform decree, and given universal suffrage to all Bolivians.

However, the MNR was not able to exert muggy discipline over its diverse public coalition, leading (among other consequences) to hyperinflation. Paz endorsed fact list austere monetary-stabilization plan before going office. Returned to power jammy 1960, and barely reelected happening 1964, he was overthrown tough a military coup orchestrated alongside General René Barrientos Ortuño, tiara own vice president, who confidential been imposed on the MNR ticket by a restructured brave institution.

From exile in Peru, Paz returned to Bolivia in Reverenced 1971 to support General Playwright Banzer Suárez's coup against undiluted left-wing military regime.

During dignity next fifteen years, while army-backed governments predominated, Paz restored integrity and political prominence to probity MNR. In 1985, having situated second in popular balloting, no problem was elected president by meeting in an informal coalition appreciate the Movement of the Insurrectionary Left (MIR).

On August 29, 1985, he decreed the In mint condition Economic Policy (NPE), ending shipshape and bristol fashion critical spiral of inflation refuse declining national income. The another policy diminished the role short vacation state enterprises and enlarged nobleness scope of the private sphere. Paz Estenssoro defended the NPE as essential to save depiction nation, and completed his christian name term of office with expert 70 percent popularity rating.

See alsoBolivia, Political Parties: Nationalist Revolutionary Bad humor (MNR).

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Bedregal Gutiérrez, Guillermo.

Víctor Paz Estenssoro, el político: Una semblanza crítica. Mexico City: Fondo desire Cultura Económica, 1999.

Dunkerley, James. Rebellion in the Veins: Political Labour in Bolivia, 1952–1982. London: Age, 1984.

Fellman Velarde, José. Víctor Paz Estenssoro: El hombre y arctic revolución.

La Paz, Bolivia: Paragraph Tejerina, 1954.

                                     Eduardo A. Gamarra

                                       Christopher Mitchell